Python Unittest Cant Resolve Try to Remove Configuration and Generate It Again
Testing: Getting Started
- Introduction
- Surroundings
- Creating Tests
- Running Tests
- Running Tests In Parallel
- Reporting Test Coverage
Introduction
Laravel is built with testing in mind. In fact, support for testing with PHPUnit is included out of the box and a phpunit.xml file is already ready for your application. The framework likewise ships with user-friendly helper methods that allow you to expressively test your applications.
By default, your application's tests directory contains two directories: Feature and Unit. Unit tests are tests that focus on a very pocket-size, isolated portion of your lawmaking. In fact, most unit tests probably focus on a unmarried method. Tests within your "Unit" test directory exercise not kick your Laravel awarding and therefore are unable to access your awarding's database or other framework services.
Characteristic tests may test a larger portion of your code, including how several objects interact with each other or even a full HTTP request to a JSON endpoint. Generally, about of your tests should be feature tests. These types of tests provide the nigh confidence that your system every bit a whole is operation as intended.
An ExampleTest.php file is provided in both the Characteristic and Unit of measurement test directories. After installing a new Laravel application, execute the vendor/bin/phpunit or php artisan test commands to run your tests.
Surround
When running tests, Laravel volition automatically set the configuration environment to testing because of the environment variables divers in the phpunit.xml file. Laravel also automatically configures the session and cache to the array driver while testing, significant no session or cache data will be persisted while testing.
You lot are gratis to define other testing environment configuration values as necessary. The testing surround variables may be configured in your application's phpunit.xml file, but make sure to clear your configuration cache using the config:clear Artisan control earlier running your tests!
The .env.testing Environment File
In addition, you may create a .env.testing file in the root of your project. This file will be used instead of the .env file when running PHPUnit tests or executing Artisan commands with the --env=testing pick.
The CreatesApplication Trait
Laravel includes a CreatesApplication trait that is practical to your application's base of operations TestCase form. This trait contains a createApplication method that bootstraps the Laravel application before running your tests. It's of import that you exit this trait at its original location as some features, such equally Laravel's parallel testing feature, depend on information technology.
Creating Tests
To create a new test instance, employ the make:test Artisan command. Past default, tests will exist placed in the tests/Feature directory:
php artisan make:test UserTest
If you would like to create a test within the tests/Unit directory, you may use the --unit of measurement option when executing the make:test command:
php artisan make:test UserTest --unit of measurement
If you would similar to create a Pest PHP test, you may provide the --pest option to the make:exam command:
php artisan make:test UserTest --pest
php artisan brand:test UserTest --unit --pest
{tip} Exam stubs may be customized using stub publishing.
Once the test has been generated, yous may define test methods equally y'all usually would using PHPUnit. To run your tests, execute the vendor/bin/phpunit or php artisan test command from your terminal:
<?php
namespace Tests\Unit of measurement;
employ PHPUnit\Framework\ TestCase ;
grade ExampleTest extends TestCase
{
/**
* A basic test example.
*
* @return void
*/
public function test_basic_test ()
{
$this -> assertTrue ( true );
}
}
{note} If y'all define your own
setUp/tearDownmethods inside a test class, exist sure to telephone call the respectiveparent::setUp()/parent::tearDown()methods on the parent class.
Running Tests
As mentioned previously, in one case yous've written tests, y'all may run them using phpunit:
./vendor/bin/phpunit
In addition to the phpunit command, you may use the test Artisan command to run your tests. The Artisan test runner provides verbose exam reports in order to ease development and debugging:
php artisan test
Any arguments that tin can be passed to the phpunit control may also be passed to the Artisan test command:
php artisan test --testsuite=Characteristic --cease-on-failure
Running Tests In Parallel
By default, Laravel and PHPUnit execute your tests sequentially within a unmarried procedure. Nonetheless, you lot may greatly reduce the amount of time information technology takes to run your tests past running tests simultaneously across multiple processes. To get started, ensure your application depends on version ^5.3 or greater of the nunomaduro/standoff package. And so, include the --parallel choice when executing the examination Artisan command:
php artisan test --parallel
By default, Laravel will create as many processes as at that place are available CPU cores on your machine. However, you may conform the number of processes using the --processes option:
php artisan test --parallel --processes=four
{note} When running tests in parallel, some PHPUnit options (such as
--do-non-cache-result) may not be bachelor.
Parallel Testing & Databases
Laravel automatically handles creating and migrating a test database for each parallel process that is running your tests. The test databases will exist suffixed with a process token which is unique per process. For example, if you have two parallel test processes, Laravel will create and use your_db_test_1 and your_db_test_2 exam databases.
By default, exam databases persist betwixt calls to the examination Artisan command and so that they can be used again by subsequent test invocations. However, yous may copy them using the --recreate-databases option:
php artisan examination --parallel --recreate-databases
Parallel Testing Hooks
Occasionally, you may demand to prepare certain resource used past your application'south tests so they may be safely used past multiple examination processes.
Using the ParallelTesting facade, you may specify code to be executed on the setUp and tearDown of a procedure or exam instance. The given closures receive the $token and $testCase variables that incorporate the process token and the current test case, respectively:
<?php
namespace App\Providers;
utilize Illuminate\Support\Facades\ Artisan ;
utilize Illuminate\Support\Facades\ ParallelTesting ;
use Illuminate\Support\ ServiceProvider ;
class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
/**
* Bootstrap whatsoever application services.
*
* @return void
*/
public function boot ()
{
ParallelTesting :: setUpProcess ( function ( $token ) {
// ...
});
ParallelTesting :: setUpTestCase ( function ( $token , $testCase ) {
// ...
});
// Executed when a test database is created...
ParallelTesting :: setUpTestDatabase ( function ( $database , $token ) {
Artisan :: phone call ( ' db:seed ' );
});
ParallelTesting :: tearDownTestCase ( function ( $token , $testCase ) {
// ...
});
ParallelTesting :: tearDownProcess ( function ( $token ) {
// ...
});
}
}
Accessing The Parallel Testing Token
If you would like to access the electric current parallel process "token" from any other location in your application's test lawmaking, yous may utilize the token method. This token is a unique, string identifier for an individual exam procedure and may be used to segment resources across parallel test processes. For example, Laravel automatically appends this token to the terminate of the examination databases created by each parallel testing process:
$token = ParallelTesting :: token ();
Reporting Test Coverage
{notation} This feature requires Xdebug or PCOV.
When running your awarding tests, you may desire to determine whether your test cases are actually covering the application lawmaking and how much application code is used when running your tests. To accomplish this, you may provide the --coverage choice when invoking the exam command:
php artisan examination --coverage
Enforcing A Minimum Coverage Threshold
Y'all may use the --min option to define a minimum test coverage threshold for your application. The test suite will fail if this threshold is not met:
php artisan examination --coverage --min=80.3
Source: https://laravel.com/docs/9.x/testing
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